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Jungho Lee, Yi-Ming Shi, Peter Grün, Matthias Gube, Michael Feldbrügge, Helge Björn Bode, Florian Hennicke

• Fruiting body-forming members of the Basidiomycota maintain their ecological fitness against various antagonists like ascomycetous mycoparasites. To achieve that, they produce myriads of bioactive compounds, some of which are now being used as agrochemicals or pharmaceutical lead structures. Here, we screened ethyl acetate crude extracts from cultures of thirty-five mushroom species for antifungal bioactivity, for their effect on the ascomycete \(\textit {Saccharomyces cerevisiae}\) and the basidiomycete \(\textit {Ustilago maydis}\). One extract that inhibited the growth of \(\textit {S. cerevisiae}\) much stronger than that of \(\textit {U. maydis}\) was further analyzed. For bioactive compound identification, we performed bioactivity-guided HPLC/MS fractionation. Fractions showing inhibition against \(\textit {S. cerevisiae}\) but reduced activity against \(\textit {U. maydis}\) were further analyzed. NMR-based structure elucidation from one such fraction revealed the polyyne we named feldin, which displays prominent antifungal bioactivity. Future studies with additional mushroom-derived eukaryotic toxic compounds or antifungals will show whether \(\textit {U. maydis}\) could be used as a suitable host to shortcut an otherwise laborious production of such mushroom compounds, as could recently be shown for heterologous sesquiterpene production in \(\textit {U. maydis}\).